نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Abstract
The present article aims to analyze sociologically the cultural capital and subjective well-being of Tehrani family. The method is survey descriptive and the statistical population is consisted of all spouses of Tehran 22 districts during 2023. The sample case are 400 individuals who are chosen and studied in random cluster way through Cochran formula. The instrument of study is researcher-made questionnaire which has a verified content validity. The Reliability of research also is estimated through Cronbach alpha which is 0.92 for subjective well-being and 0.89 for cultural capital. The research’s theoretical framework of subjective well-being is determined through Veenhoven’s theory for feeling of hilarity and happiness and Philips’ quality of life theory, the cultural capital concept also is estimated through Bourdieu’s theory. The obtained results if Pearson Correlation Coefficient reveals a meaningful effectiveness of cultural capital and its dimensions on Tehrani families’ subjective well-being. The results of multiple regression and path analysis also demonstrates that the dimensions of cultural capital can determine 54% of family subjective well-being, through which the embodied cultural capital with β = 0.716 has the main portion, after that the objective cultural capital with β = 0.296 and eventually institutionalized cultural capital with β = 0.167 are able to predict subjective well-being. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize the increase of cultural capital, specifically embodied capital of families in general and specifically the spouses, in order to achieve subjective well-being, hilarity and happiness feeling, subjective quality of life of families.
Keywords: Subjective well-being, Cultural Capital, Family.
1. Introduction
The concept of subjective well-being is consisted of all positive and negative evaluations of people toward their lives (Mertinez et al; as cited in Shermohammadi et al., 2020: 163). Subjective well-being consideration is a common change of today’s modern families. The importance of family, as an effective, crucial institution on cultural increase of Iranian society, and the influence of cultural capital, numerated as a potential advantage of the development and culture- wisdom improvement process, are declared as two basic effective factors for sustainable cultural development and subjective well-being acquisition among families (UNESCO; as cited in Asgari et al., 2018: 28). Parents, are numerated as the symbols of economic, social and cultural capitals in family center. All family members, as father, mother and children, have various life expectation due to their social position, which may provide feeling of satisfaction and subjective well-being in case of achievement. The development of family cultural capital brings the opportunity of educational success, educational level improvement and academic higher education, to attain the career progress and promotion (Bourdieu; as cited in Asgari et al., 2018: 28). In conclusion, a ruling cultural capital in the family can determine family members’ needs toward subjective well-being. According the mentioned above, the present article aims to sociologically analyze the cultural capital and subjective well-being of Tehrani families.
2. Materials and Methods
The method of present research was survey descriptive and the statistical population were all couples of Tehran 22 districts during 2023; the sample case consisted of 400 individuals, who were chosen and studied through cluster random way and Cochran formula. A researcher designed questionnaire, retrieved from sociologists’ perspectives, was applied as the instrument of study. In way that the dimensions of subjective well-being were utilized through Veenhoven’s theory for happiness feeling and Philips’ opinion for subjective quality of life, the cultural capital also, was evaluated through Bourdieu’s theory. The validity of research questions was evaluated through content validity, leading by the attitude of experts. The reliability of research questionnaire however was estimated through Cronbach alpha index which was achieved 0.92 for subjective well-being and 0.89 for cultural capital. Therefore, research questionnaire has an admissible validity and reliability. The data analysis was done in survey method through SPSS software version 27.
3. Discussion
The obtained results of Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression, as is illustrated in table 1, is feasible to predict 54% of Tehrani families’ subjective well-being through their cultural capital. Moreover, the embodied cultural capital can anticipate 52% of subjective well-being among Tehrani families. Also, the objective cultural capital, may predict 46% of Tehrani families’ subjective well-being. In addition, Tehrani families’ institutionalized cultural capital can prospect 42% of their subjective well-being (P<0.05).
The multiple regression was calculated and evaluated in order to attain an appropriate subjective well-being explanation among Tehrani families, based on cultural capitals’ three dimensions (embodied, subjective and institutionalized), which the results of table 2. Presents the ability of determination in 54% for subjective well-being of Tehrani families.
The results of Table 2. demonstrates the effect of embodied cultural capital with direct β = 0.401 and indirect β = 0.315, through independent variables of subjective and institutional cultural capital, and in total with β = 0.716 on subjective well-being of Tehrani families. In addition, it presents the effect of objective cultural capital with direct β = 0.227 and indirect β = 0.069, through independent variable of institutional cultural capital, and in total with β = 0.296 on subjective well-being of Tehrani families. Moreover, it also shows the effect of institutional cultural capital with β = 0.167 on subjective well-being of Tehrani families. Therefore, the main determination of Tehrani families’ subjective well-being was for embodied cultural capital with β = 0.716, as the main effective factor, and after that for objective cultural capital with β = 0.296 and institutional cultural capital, as the least effective factor with β = 0.167.
4. Conclusion
According to the results of present research, it is assumed that embodied cultural capital was able to explain Tehrani couples’ subjective well-being and its dimensions, specifically their subjective quality of life. In contrast to other cultural capital dimensions, since the society is required to attain more skills in various contexts. As Iran is numerated as one of the civilized cultural and artistic countries, some common events like attaining cultural information, studying books and knowing the scientists and poems is undeniable, and truly people consider this dimension more than two others. However, the least effects of objective cultural capital can be due to this fact, which the present era is the century of science and knowledge, the data is not just available in published books. The audio and visual books are numerously published that people can download the latest information through visual social media, shared data within websites and platforms, etc. In contrast, because of todays’ individuals’ social life style, attending scientific- educational- artistic classes and also higher education degree acquisition, the institutionalized was lower that other cultural capitals; since they seem to be essential elements of human beings’ social lives. According the obtained results, the cultural capital basis is on the values and believes which determine the foundation of quality and life style, to gain well-being and peace. Rewardingly, it is suggested to the families to reserve cultural capital, visualize and subject it, up to manifest an adequate quality of life and subjective well-being in their individual and family lives. The general well-being of cities requires all objective and subjective indexes toward the capacities, in a social analytic method. As the present investigated Tehrani families’ subjective well-being, it is suggested to retest the theoretical model of this research for other generations, specifically youth and adolescents.
کلیدواژهها English
