A Comprehensive Study of the Reasons for the Repetition of Criminal Behavior among People Sentenced to Prison

Abstract
Criminal behavior refers to an illegal, norm-breaking and deviant action, the perpetrator of which is sent to prison and sentenced to legal-criminal punishment. Even though prison is a place for correction, punishment and prevention of recidivism, some convicts tend to repeat their criminal behavior due to committing crimes, which requires a comprehensive study of the reasons for such a socio-cultural issue. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to study the comprehensive reasons for the repetition of criminal behavior among people sentenced to prison. meta-analysis research method, deliberate-non-probability sampling method; From the statistical population, 36 documents from the scientific sources of Nurmagz, Mag Iran, Iran Doc, and the scientific database of Jihad University, 26 scientific documents as a sample size of 25  in the period from 1388  to 1403  based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and analyzed through Cohen’s d test and Fisher’s f test. were placed The results show that social factors (differential cohabitation, broken family, environmental criminal opportunities, social support, social cohesion, social control); cultural factors (religiosity, risky lifestyle, cultural poverty, belonging to a subcultural society); Economic factors (feeling of relative deprivation, poverty, feeling of injustice, unemployment) and psychological factors (negative social label, deviant identity, family emotional crisis, sense of abnormality and low self-esteem) are effective in repeating the criminal behavior of people sentenced to prison and returning them to the prison environment. have been. 
Keywords: Social Capital, Social Surveillance, Shame, Criminal Opportunity, Relative Deprivation, Religious Affiliation.
 
1. Introduction
Prison is a place of gathering, keeping and protecting criminals who, according to Iran’s Islamic Penal Code; Convicted by the court (judicial institution) and must endure and spend a period of time according to the type of crime and its severity, and spend a certain period of time under the control of prison staff. The empirical background studies in the period of 1383 to 1403 show that, in general, the prison and the social control of criminals in prison require new and sustainable preventive measures, and they commit criminal behaviors again after being released from prison and return to prison. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to study the comprehensive reasons for the repetition of criminal behavior among people sentenced to prison.
 
2. Materials and Methods
Present research method; Quantitative and its method of analysis is quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review of studies. CMA2 software used and statistical tests to explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables; d is Cohen’s and f is Fisher’s. 
 
3. Data
a. Significant social factors on the repetition of criminal behavior
- Differential cohabitation has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crime among prisoners and the value of this effect is 0.362.
- Social cohesion has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.213.
- Social control has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crime among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.146.
B. Significant cultural factors on the repetition of criminal behavior
- Religiosity has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.154.
- The high-risk lifestyle has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners, and the value of this effect is 0.166.
C. Significant economic factors on the repetition of criminal behavior
- The feeling of relative deprivation has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.561.
- Poverty has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.366.
- The feeling of injustice has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.371.
- Unemployment has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.190.
D. Significant psychological factors on the repetition of criminal behavior
- The negative social label has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.155.
- Deviant identity has a significant effect on the tendency to repeat crimes among prisoners and the value of this effect is equal to 0.137.
 
4. Discussion
Prison is the last station in the society for the care and reformation of criminals, criminals and those who violate the laws and social norms. Prison is an event and a bitter social problem of human society, and imprisonment is built as a punishment for the criminal, to learn a lesson, heal the victims, create collective security and prevent criminal behavior.
5. Conclusion
Social support; It is a very strong and predictive variable in criminal behavior and with its decrease among prisoners due to the feeling of loneliness, isolation and reduction of intimate circles; The conditions of returning to prison have increased and this variable has explained 17% of the changes in the dependent variable.
- Social control means social supervision of people released in prison and by reducing the mechanism and conditions of supervision over prisoners and their release; There are also more grounds for repeating criminal behavior. This change has predicted 14% of changes in the dependent variable.
- Belonging to the subcultural society in the sense of the interest and interaction of the imprisoned person with groups of the same religion is a negative reference model that after leaving the prison environment; He visited them again to continue the relationship and social interaction with them, and as a result of this repetition of the interaction; The tendency to repeat criminal behavior also increases. This variable has explained 33% of the changes in the repetition of criminal behavior.
D. Significant psychological factors on the repetition of criminal behavior
- The negative social label towards the prisoners of committing a crime and repeating it, as a social act, will be normal and free of shame. This variable has been able to predict 15% of the changes in the repetition of criminal behavior.
- Deviant identity causes acceptance of deviant identity, and as a result, the prisoner accepts himself as a criminal and deviant person, and as a result, the tendency to repeat criminal behavior will increase. This variable has predicted 13% of the changes in the repetition of criminal behavior.