Sociological Determinants Affecting Social Identity (Study Sample of Female Students in Shiraz)

Abstract
On the one hand, identity is the source of meaning and construction, and on the other hand, it is constructed under the influence of social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and other factors. In fact, the relationship between identity and other social and cultural structures is two-way and is constantly subject to reconstruction, construction and reconstruction as a process. The purpose of this research is to investigate the sociological determinants affecting the formation of social identity of female students in the city of Shiraz, and by relying on a comparative strategy, quantitative research methods, survey techniques and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. It has been the statistical population is female school students of the city of Shiraz, and 375 people were selected as a statistical sample. The method of random sampling is of multi-stage cluster type and data analysis was done using SPSS software and statistical tests of Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multivariate analysis (multiple regression) and path analysis. . The research results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the independent variables (self-satisfaction level, internalization of values, harmony with group values and approval of others) with the dependent variable of social identity and its three dimensions (national, religious, family); But there is no significant relationship between the socio-economic base variable and social identity. Also, the results of multivariable regression show that the coefficient of determination (2R) of four variables in the equation, i.e. coordination of group values, being approved by others, internalization of values and individual self-satisfaction, is 0.36 of the variance of the variable. They explain or predict dependent social identity. 
Keywords: Social Identity, Religious Identity, Family Identity, National Identity.
 
1. Introduction
One of today’s global mysteries that has occupied the minds and thoughts of experts in the fields of social psychology, sociology, and cultural studies is the issue of human identity, and since identity is an important part of every human being. and his personal and social life is influenced by his identity, the investigation of human identity is very interesting. This concept has been transformed in the context of social and cultural history and political and economic relations of today’s societies, so that today we talk about traditional identity, modern identity and postmodern identity. Men and women are a social characteristic apart from their biological characteristics, so that they should behave within a certain framework of culture accepted by the society and internalize gender norms and behaviors in their minds, which in case of violation will also face the reactions of the community. The traditional patriarchal family structure, which was mainly based on gender differences and characterized by the institutionalized authority of men in the family unit, has become questionable in recent decades due to the employment, education and awareness of women. The changes that have occurred in the family structure and the roles of women have provided the basis for the transformation of the personality and social identity of girls and women (Refatjah, 1381: 71).
The importance of issues such as the crisis of social and gender identity, especially in the field of women and girls, has occupied experts in the fields of psychology, sociology and cultural studies for at least the past few decades. Developments in recent decades in cultural fields and structural fields have led to the multiplicity and diversity and even conflict of identity-building sources, and the spread of modernization and modernization in the global arena has led to an identity crisis among many sections of society, especially young women. (Saroukhani, 1383: 80). 
Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue of social identity of female students and its constituent elements and factors affecting it in this research. Also, about the social identification status of the statistical population of the research, which are high school female students of Shiraz city; Few researches have been done and therefore the current research is important and necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the sociological determinants affecting the formation of social identity of female high school students in Shiraz and seeks to answer the basic question of what sociological determinants affect the formation of social identity. Is it effective for high school female students in Shiraz?
 
2. Method
This research was done in terms of comparative strategy and with quantitative method and survey technique and questionnaire tool; Also, in terms of purpose, it is practical and in terms of time, it is among cross-sectional researches.
The statistical population of this research is 5160 thousand people, including all female students of the second secondary school who are studying in Shiraz city in the academic year of 1401-1400, and 375 of them were selected as a statistical sample.
The sampling method in this research is random sampling of multi-stage clustering type. So that the schools of Shiraz city were divided into five parts (each cluster) North, South, East, West and Center and then a school was randomly selected from that region and a questionnaire was distributed to each of the selected schools.
 
3. Discussion
As you can see. The total effect of independent variables on religious identity is 73%, of which 64% is a direct effect and 9% is an indirect effect. This means that the independent variables used in this research had more effects on the dependent variable without mediation. The direct causal effect of variables of coordination of group values was 33%, internalization of values was 14%, and approval by others was 17%. The value of 2R shows that in the whole research model, it was able to explain 23% of the variance of social identity. The amount of error of the model (0.88) indicates the value of the variance of the variable that is not explained by the previous variables of the model. With the square of the error quantity (E), the unexplained variance is obtained, which is 0.77 in this model, in other words, 77% of the social identity variance is not explained by the model.
 
4. Conclusion
Dealing with the social identity of girls in society shows us a general view of identity to some extent, because this dimension of identity includes the most basic elements of the identity of people in any society. Social and cultural changes occur gradually, and girls who are looking for what and who they are, or their social identity, are faced with new forms of identity-making patterns, and at the same time, traditional culture and manifestations of modern culture come upon them. see In such a situation, girls learn that they can cope with the roles and identities that are caused by cultural and social patterns and by relying on multiple sources of identity formation, with agency and rethinking to new personal and social patterns. Get an identity. In fact, girls are constantly rethinking their traditions, modern values and daily activities and try to build a meaningful identity for their representation. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the sociological determinants affecting the formation of the social identity of secondary school girls in Shiraz. The results of the research show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the independent variables (level of self-satisfaction, internalization of values, harmony with group values and approval of others) with the dependent variable of girls’ social identity and its three dimensions (national, religious, family). There is; But there is no significant relationship between the socio-economic base variable and social.